PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BRUSHLESS MOTORS ON TRACTION ROLLING STOCK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.215.2026.358844Ключові слова:
brushless motor, locomotive, traction rolling stock, asynchronous electric drive, converter, reliability, control, insulationАнотація
The article discusses topical issues of improving the reliability and efficiency of traction electric motors used in locomotives and other traction rolling stock. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the technical and operational aspects of the use of brushless traction motors in railway rolling stock, identify key problems in their implementation, and justify promising areas for the development and improvement of this type of traction drive to increase the efficiency, reliability, and energy efficiency of railway transport. Brushless electric motors, in particular asynchronous and synchronous motors with permanent magnets, are considered a promising alternative to traditional commutator motors due to their increased reliability, simplified design, and reduced operating costs. The paper systematizes the technical and operational aspects of the application of brushless traction systems and compares their characteristics with those of classic commutator motors, taking into account reliability, efficiency, and service life. It has been established that the key advantages of brushless motors are increased energy efficiency, reduced maintenance, no need for regular inspection of the commutator and brush assembly, and increased service life of the traction drive. At the same time, the main problems limiting the widespread introduction of the technology have been identified, in particular the high initial cost, the complexity of electronic control systems, the need to modernize existing infrastructure, and the need to adapt to the specifics of different types of rolling stock. Despite the existing challenges, brushless motors offer significant operational advantages: increased reliability due to the absence of a commutator and brush assembly, reduced maintenance costs, improved energy efficiency, higher overload capacity, and the ability to control precisely across a wide range of operating modes. Based on the analysis, promising areas for the development of brushless traction systems have been identified, including improvements to electric drive control systems, integration with energy-saving technologies and energy recovery systems, and phased implementation across various categories of rolling stock. The results obtained are of practical importance for substantiating strategies for modernizing the railway traction fleet, improving operational efficiency, and optimizing energy and technical costs. They also serve as a scientific and technical basis for further research into improving the cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and reliability of locomotives in the long term.
Посилання
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